The Hathor Temple in Timna is a unique Egyptian cultic site located in the Timna Valley, reflecting a significant Egyptian presence in the region during the Late Bronze Age. The temple was dedicated to the goddess Hathor, the patron deity of miners and metallurgy, who was believed to protect the workers in the Timna copper mines. The central structure included an open courtyard, an altar, and a sanctuary where inscriptions and carvings were found, depicting Egyptian officials overseeing mining activities. Archaeological excavations have uncovered various religious artifacts, including figurines, ritual vessels, and seals bearing Egyptian symbols, highlighting strong administrative and trade ties between Egypt and the region.
After the decline of the Egyptian presence in the area, during the Iron Age, the temple underwent modifications and was repurposed by local populations, possibly the Edomites. During this period, some Egyptian symbols were defaced, and new cultic items were introduced into the site. These findings provide insight into the cultural transitions that took place in Timna following Egypt’s withdrawal and the continuity of religious activity at the site. The Hathor Temple in Timna offers a rare glimpse into the religious practices and mining operations that shaped the region over centuries.