God in the Bible – monotheism?

Did Israel and Judah only believe in one God?

The concept of God in the Bible evolves throughout the text, reflecting the development of religious belief over many centuries among the people of ancient Israel. This progression is seen moving from an initial henotheism or monolatry toward a more clearly defined monotheism.

In the early books of the Old Testament, particularly in Genesis and Exodus, we see a depiction of God as the supreme deity among many. The other gods are recognized as existing, but the God of Israel is considered the most powerful and the only one worthy of worship by the Israelites. This is a form of henotheism or monolatry.

However, as the biblical narrative progresses, the depiction of God evolves towards a clearer monotheism. This is particularly evident in the later prophets such as Isaiah, who emphasize the singularity of God. For example, Isaiah 45:5 says: “I am the LORD, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God.”